Mokshamu galada

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[edit] Lyrics

[edit] Pallavi

mOkSamu galadA bhuvilO
jIvanmuktulu kAni vArulaku
Show Details		Is moksha attainable in this world
for those not [already] living-liberated?

[edit] Anupallavi

sAkSAtkAra nI sadbhakti
saGgIta-jJAna vihInulaku (mOkSamu)
Show Details		O Ever-Evident One! For those who are bereft of musical knowledge
combined with true devotion towards you, (is moksha...)?

[edit] Charanam

prANAnala saMyOgamu valla
praNava nAdamu sapta-swaramulai paraga
vINA vAdana lOludau ziva
manOvidha-merugaru1 tyAgarAja vinuta (mOkSamu)
Show Details		For those incapable of the Siva (the lover of Veena playing) state of mind,
created when the Vital Force and Energy combine
yielding the primordial Om, which manifests as the Seven Swaras,
O one praised by Tyagaraja, (is moksha...)?

[edit] Variations

[edit] Commentary

  • mOkSa and jIvanmukti: Contrary to popular belief, these terms are not synonymous.
    • According to Muktika Upanishad, there are two kinds of Mukti – 'Jivanmukti' and 'Videha mukti' aka 'Kaivalya'. It also mentions sAlOkya, sArUpya, sAmIpya, sAyujya' to be four kinds (stages?) of Mukti. (It is presumed that 'sAyujya' to be same as 'jIvanmukti').
    • According to Tirumular, jIvanmukti is the first of the five stages of Mukti. In Tirumantiram (2864), translated by Dr. B Natarajan:
Odiya mutti yaDaiyavE uyirpara
bEdamilac civaM eydun turiyamO-
Dadi corUpaJ corUpatta tAgavE
EdamilA niruvANam pirRandadE
Jiva reaches to (jivan) mukti first; Then passes on to Param State;
And thence to Siva State; In the Turiya practised therein,
Is the Primal Self-illuminated Manifestedness;
And having attained Swarupa is reached the State of Nirvana
  • 1ziva manO-vidhambu: Omkara is the state of the Parabrahman (sadAziva mayamagu nAdOMkAra, Raga sudha). As per the kriti Nada tanumanisham, Sankara is the embodiment of nAda.
  • More commentary on Nadopasana
  • Some relevant quotes from various kritis of Sri Tyagaraja.
    • nAdOGkAra is the state of the Parabrahman (sadAziva mayamagu nAdOGkAra). (Raga sudha)
    • 'knowing the nAda emanating from mUlAdhara is, indeed the blissfull emancipation; recognising the locations (in the body) of seven svaras is indeed emancipation (mUlAdhAraja nAdameruguTE mudamagu mOkSamurA; kOlAhala sapta swara gRhamula gurutE mOkSamurA O manasA) (Swara raga sudha)
    • The sapta-swara are the elaboration of praNava nAda (praNava nAdamu sapta swaramulai paraga)’. (Sita vara)
    • Those well-versed in the sapta swara are the living-liberated (nAdOMkAra swara vidulu jIvanmukutulu) . (Raga sudha)
    • In order to become jIvanmukta, the knowledge of Sangita should been ordained (jIvanmuktu-DaguTaku saGgIta jnAnamu dhAta vrAyavalE). (Sita vara)
    • To summarise (according to Sri Tyagaraja)– to be living-liberated (jIvan mukta) one should have (a) understanding about the origins of nAda (OMkAra and mUlAdhAra), its manifestation as sapta svara; and (b) also true devotion. Conversely, those who do not have this understanding - not being jIvan mukta – cannot attain mOkSa. Here 'mOkSa' seems to refer to 'vidEha mukti' or 'kaivalya'.
    • Sri Tyagaraja is concerned only with the nAdOpAsana - nAda yOga – attainment of mOkSa through the route of Sangita. The other methods, for attainment of jIvan mukti and thence mOkSa, – karma, jnAna, bhakti -rAja yOga – are not discussed by Sri Tyagaraja.

[edit] Renditions

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